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[Jerry Volland]

When Ed first started using his pulse motor techniques, he had a capacitor bank which, I think I've read, consisted of around 16 caps, each rated at 23 uf.  As he continued developing his skill, he replaced this bank of capacitors with a single cap, used in conjunction with his Conversion Tube.  Although a higher frequency of operation would allow for the use of a smaller cap, I've often wondered if his Tube itself had an unusual capacitance, due to the high level of static charge which builds up in the air molecules in the Tube, giving him the same capacitance as his original bank?  I've just recently found out that there may be a correlary with one of T.H. Moray's Tubes.  In Moray's radiesthesia patent (#2,460,707), Fig. 2 illustrates his "Sparking Condenser".  This Tube has an outer cylindrical electrode with a corrugated inner surface which acts as a brush electrode, aiming a corona discharge at a central cylinder which is surrounded by a dielectric.  Moray reported that this Tube had an unusual capacitance around one Farad.  Although Moray mixed radioactive powders with the dielectric to produce the effect, there still may be some similarity with the Gray Tube, since a radioactive substance gives off longitudinal rays, which is the same thing that the central electrode in Gray's Tube does.  Moray's contention is that these longitudinal rays are modulated by the corona field, thereby producing the tremendous interstitial capacitance.  This same type of non-local energy storage may occur in the dielectric of the air molecules between and around the grids of Gray's Tube. -JV

[Wicaksono]

Dear Jerry, I have read the patent & it seems there are 3 types of sparking condenser :
1. Figure 2 & 3 is sparking condenser that utilizes brush discharge as ionizer
2. Figure 14 & 15 is sparking condenser that utilizes filament heater as ionizer
3. Figure 16, 17, 18 & 19 is sparking condenser that utilizes x-ray tube as ionizer
According to the patent, there is no radioactive substance used in all of sparking condenser, the radioactive substance is only used in discharge tube electrode (figure 4, 5, 6, 7).
It seems that the sparking condenser is used as HF generator, and the output is fed to discharge tube so it is mixed with radiation from radioactive substance. The similarity of these & Gray tube is that Gray tube utilize spark as ionizer. Any comments ?

Wicaksono

[Jerry Volland]

Wicaksono,
Thank you for your research.  The HF generator effect of Moray's Sparking Condencer which you have found correlates to the report that Ed Gray referred to his Tube as an "inverter".  The high frequency generation involves the capacitive cylinders being in a tank circuit with the connective loops forming the inductances.  This effect is detailed in Farnsworth's patent #2,189,358 for his high frequency Diode Oscillator.  An examination of Gray's circuit shows that a potential exists on the grids, relative to the central rod, due to the connection - through the battery and motor - of the capacitor negative with the grids, with differing distances from the center resulting in different relative potentials on each grid.  Since the RF vibration of the gas in the tube produces impact ionization, the momentary 12 Volt displacement current through the cap results in the static charge build up he referred to as 'overshoot voltage'.  As he asys in the patent, the Tube is a "switching element", allowing the 12 Volt current to flow when the circuit is closed, with the pre-existing ionizing potential making the Tube conductive.  As a result of this static charge, his system cap is totally recharged in an instant, rather than with the series of impulses first used from the transformer.  This indicates his Tube has a capacitance at least as high as the system capacitor.
Jerry